Relationship between lifestyle habits and cardiovascular risk factors in familial hypercholesterolemia

Little is known about the cardioprotective potential of a healthy lifestyle in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). A study evaluated the relationship between lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with FH.
This cross-sectional study leveraged data from the CARTaGENE Quebec population-based cohort (Canada). Participants with FH were identified using the validated Simplified Canadian Definition for FH. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS), ranging from 0 to 5, was calculated per adherence to 5 lifestyle habits: 1) not smoking; 2) being physically active (≥150 min/week of moderate or vigorous physical activity); 3) eating a healthy diet (Alternate Healthy Eating Index ≥50%); 4) having a light to moderate alcohol consumption (men: 1-30 g/day; women: 1-15 g/day); and 5) sleeping 7-8 h/day.
Among the 122 study participants, 92 (75.4%) had a HLS ≤3/5, while only 5 (4.1%) had a HLS of 5/5. After adjustments for sex, age, body mass index, and lipid-lowering medication use, the researchers found no evidence of an association between the HLS and concentrations of LDL-cholesterol (β = 0.04, 95% CI = -0.08, 0.15 mmol/L; P = 0.54). However, the HLS was favourably associated with HbA1c levels (β = -0.07, 95% CI = -0.13, -0.01%), and statistical trends suggested favourable associations with HDL-cholesterol (β = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.02, 0.14 mmol/L) and waist circumference (β = -2.22, 95% CI = -4.62, 0.17 cm).
This study suggests that a healthy lifestyle is favourably associated with CVD risk factors in adults with FH.
Source: Dessureault L, Roy G, Couture P, Gangloff A, Guasch-Ferré M, Pérusse L, Tremblay A, Drouin-Chartier JP. Relationship between lifestyle habits and cardiovascular risk factors in familial hypercholesterolemia. Nutr Metab. Cardiovasc Dis. 2023 Oct;33(10):2044-2052.