Acute effects of cannabis on alcohol craving and consumption: A randomised controlled crossover trial

Cannabis use is strongly linked with heavy drinking and worse alcohol treatment outcomes; however, it may also contribute to decreased alcohol consumption. To date, no human studies have established a causal effect of cannabis on alcohol motivation. A double-blind crossover randomized clinical trial examined dose-dependent acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on alcohol craving and consumption.
Across three experimental days, 157 participants reporting heavy alcohol use and cannabis use two or more times weekly were randomized to smoke cannabis cigarettes containing 7.2% THC, 3.1% THC, or 0.03% THC (placebo), followed by exposures to neutral and personalised alcohol cues and an alcohol choice task for alcohol self-administration. A total of 138 participants completed two or more experimental sessions (mean age, 25.6 years [SD=5.1]; 35% women; 45% racial/ethnic minorities). The study assessed craving and the amount of alcohol consumed.
There were no significant effects of cannabis on craving after smoking and during alcohol cue exposure, but 7.2% THC reduced alcohol urge immediately after smoking. Participants consumed significantly less alcohol after smoking cannabis with 3.1% THC and 7.2% THC, reducing consumption by 19% and 27%, respectively.
Following overnight cannabis abstinence, smoking cannabis acutely decreased alcohol consumption compared to placebo. Further controlled research on a variety of cannabinoids is needed to inform clinical alcohol treatment guidelines.
Source: Metrik, J., Aston, E.R., Gunn, R.L., Swift, R., MacKillop, J., Kahler, C.W. Acute Effects of Cannabis on Alcohol Craving and Consumption: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2026 Feb 1;183(2):134-143.