Global, regional, and national burden of liver cancer due to alcohol use, 1990-2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021

Liver cancer is a major global health burden, with alcohol use being a well-established risk factor. Researchers analysed the global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to liver cancer due to alcohol use from 1990 to 2021.
Data on liver cancer due to alcohol use were collected from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. The changing trend of liver cancer among alcohol users was described. In addition, a hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to study the evolving patterns across diverse GBD regions and conducted a frontier analysis to explore the nexus between the burden and sociodemographic progress.
In 2021, alcohol-related liver cancer globally accounted for 99,544 incidence cases, 132,033 prevalence cases, 92,228 death cases, and 2,316,027 DALYs cases. Males and middle-aged adults emerged as high-risk populations, while regions with a higher sociodemographic index (SDI) were identified as high-risk areas. From 1990 to 2021, both the number of cases and age-standardised rates increased.
The frontier analysis revealed unattained health gains between 1990 and 2021, highlighting disparities in disease burden among countries with varying SDI levels. This analysis further demonstrated an inverse correlation between SDI and alcohol-related liver cancer age-standardized rates, with the age-standardized rates stabilizing once the SDI exceeded 0.40.
The researchers say that alcohol use is a significant contributor to the global burden of liver cancer. Comprehensive policies and interventions targeting alcohol use are needed to reduce the burden of alcohol-related liver cancer.
Source: Wang Q, Jia W, Liu J, Zhao Q, Yang Z. Global, regional, and national burden of liver cancer due to alcohol use, 1990-2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Apr 1;37(4):466-476.