Alcohol and binge drinking frequency and hypertension: a national cross-sectional study in the US

The relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension is multifaceted and a major public health concern. The association becomes even more complicated when hypertension is undiagnosed. A study investigated how alcohol consumption patterns are linked to measured, diagnosed, undiagnosed, and composite hypertension (any indications of hypertension from blood pressure readings, professional diagnosis, or reported medication use) in the United States.
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2020, a nationally representative cross-sectional study, were analysed in 2023-2024. The final analytic sample was 12,950 participants. The effect of different alcohol consumption levels on hypertension was estimated.
Descriptive findings show that those who consumed alcohol more than 3 times weekly exhibited the highest prevalence of measured (52.5%), undiagnosed (27.0%), and composite hypertension (69.4%) compared to other levels of alcohol drinking. Analysis indicated a notable elevation in systolic (4.8 unit) and diastolic (2.46 unit) blood pressure among individuals with frequent binge drinking episodes compared to individuals with infrequent drinking. The researchers estimated that drinking over 3 times weekly increases the odds of measured, undiagnosed, and composite hypertension by 64%, 70%, and 54%, respectively, while frequent binge drinking episodes raise these odds by 82%, 65%, and 47%.
Contrary to some studies suggesting moderate alcohol intake has protective cardiovascular effects, the findings did not corroborate a “J-shaped” curve. This underscores the importance of regular blood pressure monitoring among individuals with binge drinking episodes and emphasises the need for public health interventions to mitigate alcohol consumption and its associated hypertension risks.
Source: Masum M, Mamani DA, Howard JT. (2024) Alcohol and binge drinking frequency and hypertension: A national cross-sectional study in the U.S. American Journal of Preventative Medi cine,S0749-3797(24)00165-X.