Dietary patterns and chronic kidney disease risk

A number of studies have reported the association between dietary patterns and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), however a consistent perspective hasn’t been established to date. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to assess the association between dietary patterns and CKD.
MEDLINE, EBSCO and references from eligible studies were searched for relevant articles published up to 9 May 2020 that examined the association of common dietary patterns and CKD.
Seventeen eligible studies, involving 149,958 participants were included in the review and meta-analysis. The highest compared with the lowest category of healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with a lower risk of CKD (OR=0.69; CI: 0.57, 0.84). A higher risk of CKD was shown for the highest compared with the lowest categories of Western-type dietary pattern (OR=1.86; CI: 1.21, 2.86; P=0.005). There was evidence of a lower risk of CKD in the highest compared with the lowest categories of light-moderate drinking pattern (OR=0.76; CI: 0.71, 0.81) and heavy drink-ing pattern (OR=0.67; CI: 0.56, 0.80).
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that a healthy dietary pattern (characterised by high intake of vegetables, fruits, fish, low-fat milk and whole grains) and alcohol drinking were associated with lower risk of CKD, whereas a Western-type dietary pattern (characterised by high intakes of all kinds of red and/or processed meats, refined grains, sweets, high-fat dairy products and high-fat gravy) was associated with higher risk of CKD.
Source: He, LQ., Wu, XH., Huang, YQ. et al. Dietary patterns and chronic kidney disease risk: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr J 20, 4 (2021).